Identify:
- Type of document or image (newspaper, diary, painting, letter, image, map, song, photograph, etc.)
- The creator of the document or image; is the creator’s background known? (Is this person credible?)
- When was the document or image produced? (Date)
- Where was the document or image produced? (Location)
Contextualize:
- What significant events were happening when the document or image was produced?
- How was the creator connected or witness to the event recorded?
- What were the motivations behind the creation of the text or image?
- Who was the intended audience for the text or image?
Explore:
- What factual information does the document or image convey? Identify ideas or images that you think are important.
- What opinions are offered?
- Does the document or image reveal the implied beliefs of the document creator?
- What is not stated, shown, or revealed in the document or image?
- What was surprising or noteworthy about the document or image?
Analyze:
- How is the information presented in the document or image conveyed? (Does the creator use humor, evocative images, symbols, patriotism, anger, guilt, etc?)
- Historical context – values at the time, social mores, methods of communication?
- How might others at the time have reacted to this source?
- What ideas or beliefs can be inferred or suggested from this document or image?
Gaps:
- Is there any missing information or information that requires further investigation?
- Was the information or image recorded during the event, immediately after the event, or after some time has passed? How much time?
- Are any references which require further clarification such as named individuals, symbols, ideas, terms, or jargon?
Evaluate:
- How does this source compare with other primary sources on the same subject?
- How does this source compare to secondary sources on the same subject?
- Does the source present credible information about the subject or event?
- Does this document or image help you better understand the event or the times? Explain.
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